Date: Wed, 14 Sep 94 08:00:23 PDT From: Info-Hams Mailing List and Newsgroup Errors-To: Info-Hams-Errors@UCSD.Edu Reply-To: Info-Hams@UCSD.Edu Precedence: Bulk Subject: Info-Hams Digest V94 #1020 To: Info-Hams Info-Hams Digest Wed, 14 Sep 94 Volume 94 : Issue 1020 Today's Topics: (Getting long) Re: A Repeater on 147.555?!? Help needed on GHRS repeaters Hooray to the FCC! How to find the answers to frequently-asked questions about Ham Radio IPS Daily Report - 13 September 94 Learning CW Morse Code Practice Software for test prep Wanted: RF Transistor 2SC1947 Send Replies or notes for publication to: Send subscription requests to: Problems you can't solve otherwise to brian@ucsd.edu. Archives of past issues of the Info-Hams Digest are available (by FTP only) from UCSD.Edu in directory "mailarchives/info-hams". We trust that readers are intelligent enough to realize that all text herein consists of personal comments and does not represent the official policies or positions of any party. Your mileage may vary. So there. ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Date: Wed, 14 Sep 1994 03:26:23 GMT From: news.Hawaii.Edu!kahuna!jeffrey@ames.arpa Subject: (Getting long) Re: A Repeater on 147.555?!? To: info-hams@ucsd.edu alan@nah.UUCP (Alan Brubaker) writes: >leigh@rain.org (Leigh) writes: >>For several years, I've used 147.555 mHz for local FM simplex with a small >>group of friends. Most of the time the frequency was clear of QRM. > You were fortunate... And why is that? Because the other repeater owners respected the ARRL band plans? >>But recently a _repeater_ with aparrently high coverage in the Los Angeles >>area has appeared on 147.555, and QRMs our ragchews in Santa Barbara. > There are several ways to deal with this. > 1. Move to a different frequency. Why can't the repeater move? > 2. Use directional antennas to reduce or eliminate the interference. Propably won't work. But why should these folks spend the money on directional antennas when they're not the cause of the problems? > 3. Have your QSOs when the repeater is not so active. Or maybe the repeater should shut down when the simplex channel is active. >>This repeater uses 146.535 as an input. Both 147.555 and 146.535 are listed >>as FM simplex frequencies in the ARRL band plan. > I have heard that for many years there have been no available > frequency pairs for repeaters on 2 meters in Southern California. > Therefore, if more repeaters are to be put on the air, some > underutilized simplex frequencies could be used. Since no one has > a "right" to a particular frequency, any interference problems that > arise would have to be dealt with among the affected parties. Alan - have you ever heard of 1 1/4 meters or the 440 Mc band? Why should the 2M repeaters encroch upon the valuable simplex freqs? Are these new 2M repeaters offering coverage that no other repeater provides? Or are they just duplicating coverage that was duplicated by several existing repeaters? I suppose you'd think it would be fine to place a repeater in the satellite subbands since they're `underutilzed' (how many hours per day are they in use?) >>This repeater's ID'er uses the callsign of W6FP. >>Getting tired of the interference, I got on this repeater, and nicely >>complained to one of it's control operators. He was fairly courteous; >>he invited me to use the repeater, and apologized for the interference, >>but did not offer to resolve the problem. > Why should he have? What an awful attitude! Rather than a terse four word response why not give us your opinion why the owner shouldn't help resolve a problem that he caused? >>I informed the control operator that both 146.535 and 147.555 were intended >>for FM simplex, under the ARRL band plan. He stated that several local ARRL >>Official Observers had approved the non-standard repeater frequencies. >> >>Do the "suggested" Band Plans have any meaning any more?! What next: FM >>packet nodes on 144.200 or CW QSOs on repeater inputs? > As our bands become more populated, Which bands, Alan? There's a *huge* amount of spectrum in the UHF bands just waiting for operators to move off the crowded 2M band. >flexibility and understanding will > become watchwords for dealing with the inevitable interference problems. If one is not part of the solution then one is the cause. Is this repeater owner a solution to interference or a cause? > The ARRL band plans are nothing more than suggestions for utilizing our > available spectrum. The FCC dictates what modes can be used on a > particular band of frequencies - after that, it is up to us to use the > spectrum in efficient ways. In some parts of the country, the ARRL band > plan may work well, but in other parts of the country, perhaps not. I imagine your not the type to seal a business deal with a handshake. >>Yes, all of the conventional 2 meter repeater pairs in Southern California >>are all used up, and repeater-to-repeater interference is common. But does >>every Ham have a right to have his own repeater? With our crowded, >>limited VHF spectrum, I believe we all should use FM simplex or SSB >>whenever possible. > The reality is that many, if not most people that are active on 2 meters > are using hand-held transceivers with small antennas. Except for close > proximity situations, simplex operation is just not as effective or > practical as communicating through a repeater system. And those handhelds at home can use external antennas and communicate quite well via simplex. >>Any comments or suggestions? Certainly no suggestions from Alan so far. >>While your area may not currently have such >>problems, it may soon happen, due to the tremendous popularity of the >>No-Code license. > Think about using another frequency for your local ragchew group. > There must be plenty of space available on a band that is 4 MHz wide. Only until the entire 4 Mc is filled with repeaters duplicating coverage of existing repeaters 10-fold. Jeff NH6IL ------------------------------ Date: Sun, 11 Sep 1994 01:25:52 GMT From: netcomsv!netcom.com!ak1@decwrl.dec.com Subject: Help needed on GHRS repeaters To: info-hams@ucsd.edu Does anyone have information on repeater clubs in the new york city area? (I'm posting this for a friend, so forgive me if i make no sense!) Thanks in advance. Khurrum -- _______________________________________________________________________________ Ali Kaqrrum ak1@netcom.com NETCOM, the West Coast's Leading Internet Service Provider. (408) 554-8649 ------------------------------ Date: Tue, 13 Sep 94 23:48:46 -0500 From: news.delphi.com!usenet@uunet.uu.net Subject: Hooray to the FCC! To: info-hams@ucsd.edu I only passed this weekend. Maybe with most back from vaction, I'll get my call sign before Thanksgiving. Wish me luck. Signed - A man with two radios and no call sign. Avery ------------------------------ Date: Wed, 14 Sep 1994 09:45:11 GMT From: pacbell.com!amdahl!amdahl.uts.amdahl.com!netnews@ames.arpa Subject: How to find the answers to frequently-asked questions about Ham Radio To: info-hams@ucsd.edu Posted-By: auto-faq 3.1.1.4 Archive-name: ham-faq-ptr How to find the Rec.radio.amateur.misc Frequently Asked Questions list ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ This article will tell you how to find the answers to frequently-asked Questions (FAQ) from rec.radio.amateur.misc. The FAQ articles are posted on the 7th and 21st of each month. This article is posted on the 14th and 28th of every month as a reminder of where to find the FAQ. The FAQ articles are intended to summarize some common questions on the rec.radio.amateur.misc newsgroup and Info-Hams mail list as well as to help beginners get started. Besides the monthly posting, the FAQ is always available via anonymous FTP and from e-mail servers. This article contains instructions for obtaining a copy of the FAQ. It also contains the table of contents from the FAQ so that you know which questions are covered by it. Please provide a copy of the FAQ to any new or soon-to-be Hams you know. Regular FAQ postings can help save network bandwidth and maintain a good signal-to-noise ratio in the newsgroup. However, they can't do it alone - you, the reader, have to use them. If you are a new user, please print and review the FAQ articles and look at the instructions in the news.newusers newsgroup before posting any articles. If you are an experienced user, please help by refraining from answering frequently-asked questions on the newsgroup if they are already answered by the FAQ articles. Instead, send e-mail to the user who asked the question. (It will be helpful if you include the part of the FAQ that answers their question, but not the whole thing.) --How to obtain a current copy of the FAQ------------------------------------- There are 7 ways to obtain a copy of the FAQ. 1) World-Wide Web (WWW) and Mosaic 2) NetNews 3) Anonymous FTP 4) An Electronic Mail Server 5) Mail List Subscription 6) Gopher 7) Wide Area Information Server (WAIS) Option #1: World-Wide Web (WWW) and Mosaic ------------------------------------------ The World-Wide Web (WWW) has experienced explosive growth in usage in 1993 and 1994. WWW clients like Lynx (in ASCII text) or Mosaic (X/Mac/Windows) can display the FAQ from many different sources. Each source is named by a URL (uniform resource locator.) If you are one of the growing numbers of people with Internet access, Option #1 is your choice. The following URL can be used to find the FAQ: http://www.cis.ohio-state.edu/hypertext/faq/usenet/radio/ham-radio/faq/top.html Other services listed later in this article are also accessible with WWW at the following URLs: news:rec.radio.info file://ftp.amdahl.com/pub/radio/amateur file://ftp.cs.buffalo.edu/pub/ham-radio file://rtfm.mit.edu/pub/usenet/news.answers/radio/ham-radio/faq file://grivel.une.edu.au/pub/ham-radio/buffalo/ham-radio file://nic.funet.fi/pub/ham/info gopher://cc1.kuleuven.ac.be/ gopher://jupiter.sun.csd.unb.ca/ gopher://gopher.univ-lyon1.fr/ gopher://ftp.win.tue.nl/ gopher://gopher.win.tue.nl/ wais://rtfm.mit.edu/usenet For more information on WWW, see the comp.infosystems.www newsgroup. Also, the help options on your WWW client should be able to point you to lots of information all over the world. Option #2: NetNews ------------------ If you are familiar enough with NetNews to look through previous articles on your system, Option #2 above may be the easiest for you. The FAQ is posted so that it should not expire from your site's news spool until the next one is posted. Unfortunately, some news administrators do not honor the expiration dates meant to preserve the FAQ. Look in rec.radio.amateur.misc, rec.radio.info, rec.answers, or news.answers. If the FAQ has expired at your site, try Option #3 (and ask your news administrator to honor expiration dates for articles cross-posted to news.answers if he/she can.) Option #3: Anonymous FTP ------------------------ Anonymous FTP uses the File Transfer Protocol. It is only available to sites which are directly connected to the Internet. If you don't know how to use FTP and can't find a friend to help you, continue to Option #4. If your site is not connected to the Internet, you should also continue to Option #4. The following sites have copies of the FAQ: site name & address path to FAQ articles ------------------- -------------------- ftp.amdahl.com pub/radio/amateur/faq.[1-3].Z located in western USA, FAQ updated daily ftp.cs.buffalo.edu pub/ham-radio/faq_ham_[1-3] located in eastern USA, FAQ updated monthly rtfm.mit.edu pub/usenet/news.answers/radio/ham-radio/faq/part* located in eastern USA, FAQ updated monthly contains news.answers archive - most UseNet FAQs are here grivel.une.edu.au pub/ham-radio/buffalo/ham-radio/faq_ham_[1-3] located in Australia, FAQ updated monthly (Ham files mirrored from buffalo/funet/ucsd daily) nic.funet.fi pub/ham/info/faq_ham_[1-3] located in Finland, FAQ updated monthly Remember, when connecting to the remote system, use the login name of "anonymous" and, as a courtesy to the site administrators, your e-mail address for the password. Option #4: Electronic Mail Server --------------------------------- If you can't use Options 1 or 2, your only remaining option is electronic mail. You can retreive a copy of the FAQ by sending a message to mail-server@rtfm.mit.edu The body of your mail will contain a command for the mail server software. To get all of the FAQ (consisting of 70K of e-mail in 3 parts), place the following in the first line of your message: send usenet/news.answers/radio/ham-radio/faq/* Leave out the subject of your message because the mail server will ignore it. --- begin sample mail message --- To: mail-server@rtfm.mit.edu From: me@here.org Date: Mon Aug 14 22:27:33 PDT 1995 send usenet/news.answers/radio/ham-radio/faq/* --- end sample mail message --- Option #5: Mail List Subscription --------------------------------- If you prefer, you may get the FAQ and other periodic Ham Radio information as it gets posted. All the information posted to rec.radio.info can be obtained through the UCSD list server via the "radio-info" mail list. To subscribe, send an e-mail to listserv@ucsd.edu Similar to the e-mail server listed above, just send a single-line message subscribe radio-info If you need more information, the listserv program also accepts a "help" command. Just keep it on a separate line in the message. Option #6: Gopher ----------------- You can access gopher servers on TCP port 70 (gopher protocol) at the following locations which carry the Ham Radio FAQ: cc1.kuleuven.ac.be jupiter.sun.csd.unb.ca gopher.univ-lyon1.fr ftp.win.tue.nl gopher.win.tue.nl For more information on gopher, see the comp.infosystems.gopher newsgroup. Option #7: Wide Area Information Server (WAIS) ---------------------------------------------- In addition to the other services mentioned above, rtfm.mit.edu offers a WAIS server on TCP port 210. Use the "usenet" database to access the FAQ. For more information on WAIS, see the comp.infosystems.wais newsgroup. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Table of Contents ----------------- Dates indicate last modification. Part 1 - Introduction to the FAQ and Amateur Radio ** Table of Contents (6/93) ** Introduction to the FAQ (11/92) * How to Contribute to the FAQ Articles (6/93) * Please Do Not Ask Questions of the Editors (8/94) * Call for FAQ Editors (8/94) * Acknowledgements (6/93) * Notes on "Netiquette" (1/93) ** What is Amateur Radio? (11/92) ** Who can become a ham? (6/93) ** Where can I locate information and books on Amateur Radio? (9/93) ** How much does it cost? (9/92) ** Where can I take the tests? (9/93) ** What are the tests like? (6/93) ** What can I do with a ham radio license? (5/92) ** What can't I do with an Amateur Radio license? (pre-4/92) ** I'm interested, who will help me? (11/92) ** Should I build my own equipment or antenna? (11/92) Part 2 - Amateur Radio Organizations, Services, and Information Sources ** Where can I find Ham Radio information with a computer? (8/94) * Mosaic, World-Wide Web, Gopher, and WAIS (8/94) * The rec.radio.* newsgroups (2/94) * The ARRL e-mail server (1/93) * The KA6ETB e-mail "HAM-server" (2/94) * The Internet File Transfer Protocol (FTP) (2/94) * Access to FTP archives via electronic mail (1/93) * The Ham-Radio mail list: rec.radio.amateur.misc by mail (9/93) * Telephone BBS's with Ham-related information (9/93) * Callsign servers and geographical name servers (1/94) * FTP access to FCC Part 97 and FCC Amateur Radio question pools (1/94) * Lists of radio modifications and extensions (2/94) ** Can I send ARRL or W5YI electronic mail? (11/92) ** "Why doesn't the ARRL do...?" (11/92) ** What magazines are available for Ham Radio? (pre-4/92) ** How do I use the incoming and outgoing QSL bureau? (11/92) ** Are there any news groups for CAP? (11/92) ** What's the name of the QRP club that issues QRP numbers? (9/93) ** How do I become a 10-10 member? (9/93) ** How do I join MARS? (9/93) ** How do I join RACES? (pre-4/92) ** What organizations are available to help handicapped hams? (pre-4/92) ** I am looking for a specific ham, can anyone help me find him? (6/93) ** Can I post my neat new ham related program on rec.radio.amateur.misc? (pre-4/92) ** Where can I get ham radio software for my computer? (9/93) ** Are there Dialup News services or BBSs for Amateur Radio? (4/92) ** Where can I find VE sessions in my local area? (9/93) ** Why isn't XXX available electronically? (1/94) ** I'd like to volunteer to help ham radio through electronic information services like those mentioned in this FAQ list. Where should I start? (2/94) Part 3 - Amateur Radio Advanced and Technical Questions ** What are the different US amateur classes and what can each of them do? (pre-4/92) ** What is the best way to learn Morse Code? (10/92) ** What is the standard for measuring Morse code speed? (pre-4/92) ** What is the standard phonetic alphabet? (new 9/93) ** I'm confused. What do all those abbreviations mean??? (6/93) ** What do all those "tones" mean? (pre-4/92) ** Where can I learn more about Amateur Radio if I live outside the US? (9/93) ** How can I get a "reciprocal license" if I am a licensed ham from another country or if I am a FCC licensed ham who wants to operate in another country (on vacation)? (9/93) ** My apartment or housing complex does not allow outdoor antennas, now what do I do? (9/93) ** I got TVI...HELP!!! (9/93) ** Did you know that you can get college credit for being a ham? (pre-4/92) ** On what frequencies do JPL and GSFC retransmit the shuttle audio? (10/92) ** Can I take my HT on an airplane and operate it if I get the permission of the captain? (4/92) ** How do I modify my current Amateur license? (9/93) ** I'm confused about XXX, should I ask the FCC? (9/93) ** Is there any information on antique radios? (pre-4/92) ** Where can I buy vacuum tubes? (9/93) ** What do I need to get started in packet radio? (9/93) ** What do I need to get started in satellite communications? (9/93) ** What is available to get started in ATV, SSTV and WEFAX? (9/93) ** What are these contests I sometimes hear, and how do I participate? (9/93) --Asking Questions------------------------------------------------------------ If you have questions about Amateur Radio (a.k.a. Ham Radio), please read the FAQ. If your question is not answered there, check if you have any other sources (i.e. Mosaic/WWW) before proceeding. If you still don't have an answer, post your question to the most appropriate rec.radio.amateur.* newsgroup. And be sure to mention where you have already looked for the answer so people won't mistakenly tell you to try them again. Thank you for doing your part to conserve network bandwidth! --Submitting changes for the FAQ---------------------------------------------- If you have comments or updates for the FAQ, send e-mail to hamradio-faq@amdahl.com This will send mail to all the people on the FAQ editorial review group. --Call for FAQ Editors-------------------------------------------------------- As with any volunteer effort, new volunteers are often needed. We need a new editor to post the Ham Radio FAQ. Preferably this should be someone who has enthusiasm for Ham Radio, experience with UseNet, and the ability to work with the other editors. No single person can know all the various aspects of this diverse hobby so the editorial review group is intended to make a greater combination of experience. The FAQ is currently posted with the AUTO-FAQ software, which is written in PERL. So it would be a plus for volunteers to post the FAQ to have PERL installed on their system and be able to use "cron" or "at" so that postings can go unattended. Anyone who wants to make their contribution to the Net as a volunteer should contact hamradio-faq@amdahl.com. ------------------------------ Date: Tue, 13 Sep 1994 23:15:30 GMT From: dsinc!spool.mu.edu!howland.reston.ans.net!europa.eng.gtefsd.com!newsxfer.itd.umich.edu!isclient.merit.edu!msuinfo!harbinger.cc.monash.edu.au!news.cs.su.oz.au!metro!@@netnews.upenn.edu Subject: IPS Daily Report - 13 September 94 To: info-hams@ucsd.edu SUBJ: IPS DAILY SOLAR AND GEOPHYSICAL REPORT ISSUED AT 13/2330Z SEPTEMBER 1994 BY IPS RADIO AND SPACE SERVICES FROM THE REGIONAL WARNING CENTRE (RWC), SYDNEY. SUMMARY FOR 13 SEPTEMBER AND FORECAST FOR 14 SEPTEMBER - 16 SEPTEMBER ----------------------------------------------------------- 1A. SOLAR SUMMARY Activity: very low Flares: none. Observed 10.7 cm flux/Equivalent Sunspot Number : 76/14 GOES satellite data for 12 Sep Daily Proton Fluence >1 MeV: 3.2E+06 Daily Proton Fluence >10 MeV: 1.6E+04 Daily Electron Fluence >2 MeV: 1.4E+09 X-ray background: A4.1 Fluence (flux accumulation over 24hrs)/ cm2-ster-day. 1B. SOLAR FORECAST 14 Sep 15 Sep 16 Sep Activity Very low Very low Very low Fadeouts None expected None expected None expected Forecast 10.7 cm flux/Equivalent Sunspot Number for 14 Sep: 74/11 COMMENT: Daily electron fluences have remained in the very high range ( > 10E9 ) since the 10 September. ----------------------------------------------------------- 2A. MAGNETIC SUMMARY Geomagnetic field at Learmonth: quiet Estimated Indices : A K Observed A Index 12 Sep Learmonth 7 2222 2222 Fredericksburg 14 11 Planetary 10 10 Observed Kp for 12 Sep: 2124 3322 2B. MAGNETIC FORECAST DATE Ap CONDITIONS 14 Sep 12 Quiet to unsettled 15 Sep 12 Quiet to unsettled 16 Sep 12 Quiet to unsettled COMMENT: A weak small coronal hole is visible in the Suns southern hemisphere. ----------------------------------------------------------- 3A. GLOBAL HF PROPAGATION SUMMARY LATITUDE BAND DATE LOW MIDDLE HIGH 13 Sep normal normal normal PCA Event : None. 3B. GLOBAL HF PROPAGATION FORECAST LATITUDE BAND DATE LOW MIDDLE HIGH 14 Sep normal normal fair 15 Sep normal normal fair 16 Sep normal normal fair ----------------------------------------------------------- 4A. AUSTRALIAN REGION IONOSPHERIC SUMMARY Observed DATE T-index MUFs at Sydney 13 Sep 16 near predicted monthly values Predicted Monthly T-index for September: 20 4B. AUSTRALIAN REGION IONOSPHERIC FORECAST DATE T-index MUFs 14 Sep 17 Near predicted monthly values 15 Sep 17 Near predicted monthly values 16 Sep 17 Near predicted monthly values COMMENT: Spread F was observed during local night at Sydney. -- IPS Regional Warning Centre, Sydney |IPS Radio and Space Services RWC Duty Forecaster tel: +61 2 4148329 |PO Box 5606 Recorded Message tel: +61 2 4148330 |West Chatswood NSW 2057 email: rwc@ips.oz.au fax: +61 2 4148331 |AUSTRALIA ------------------------------ Date: 13 Sep 1994 03:03:42 GMT From: ihnp4.ucsd.edu!agate!howland.reston.ans.net!vixen.cso.uiuc.edu!newsfeed.ksu.ksu.edu!moe.ksu.ksu.edu!crcnis1.unl.edu!unlinfo.unl.edu!gbrown@network.ucsd.edu Subject: Learning CW To: info-hams@ucsd.edu Paul Pescitelli (pbp@crl.com) wrote: (first part of very nice post deleted) : Just though I would pass my two cents along, : Do it the way the OLD-TIMERS did it. Listen to it on the air, it is a whole : heck of a lot different that what the computer spits out at you! : thanks for listening to my babbling... : 73's from a soon to be Extra : pbp (KR4UJ) Very good points, Paul. I can not over emphasize the importance of on-the-air listening or operating...perhaps not so much to learn the code, but to become _proficient_. Without proficiency, code is not much fun, and can be a real bore! I got my Novice in 1961 (age 11-12). At that time, the Novice license was for one year only, non-renewable, and once held, it could never be held again. It carried NO voice priveleges at all on HF. So one was forced to use CW and to upgrade, or to leave Ham Radio. That's what I did (left ham radio)...because the Theory and my 12 year old brain were not compatible! But by the end of the year I was able to send code on a hand-key at 15 wpm and copied even higher. It was fun! It was not until 1975 that I got back into ham radio. But the code was still there!...just like riding a bike! Today, 90 percent of my HF operating is code, and of course speed and proficiency are much greater...and it is still great fun. The best way to _learn_ the code is any way that works for you. The best way to _increase your speed and become proficient_ is to USE it! Pass the Novice or Tech-Plus, and get on the air! Don't talk about computers and code tapes on FM or SSB! Talk about them on CW! i don't know your age, Paul, but you have the enthusiasm of youth! Have fun! Gregory Brown WB0RTK gbrown@unlinfo.unl.edu ------------------------------ Date: 11 Sep 1994 01:51:21 GMT From: elroy.jpl.nasa.gov!usc!nic-nac.CSU.net!charnel.ecst.csuchico.edu!olivea!news.bu.edu!dartvax.dartmouth.edu!usenet@ames.arpa Subject: Morse Code Practice To: info-hams@ucsd.edu I have a Mac and no IBM or compatible. Is there a program for Morse Code practice like those I have seen and heard on an IBM clone? If you know know of one, please forward you comments to me by E-mail David.B.Haseman@Dartmouth.EDU or leave a response here (there may be others with the same need). 73 DBH KA1YTZ I hope you are in good health, and thank you for any help you provide. DBH ------------------------------ Date: Tue, 13 Sep 94 23:46:46 -0500 From: news.delphi.com!usenet@uunet.uu.net Subject: Software for test prep To: info-hams@ucsd.edu I used a great program that I downloaded from Compuserve and paid 25.00 to register. The program is written by PRACTICAL-LY Software, they are located at 513-523-8612, or fax, 513-523-8712, BBS - 513-523-8712 - Ask for William Wharton Jr. Good Luck ------------------------------ Date: Tue, 13 Sep 1994 21:51:40 GMT From: psinntp!arrl.org!zlau@uunet.uu.net Subject: Wanted: RF Transistor 2SC1947 To: info-hams@ucsd.edu Bob Johnson WB4JCM UF IFAS CLIMATOLOGY LABORATORY (climatol@gnv.ifas.ufl.edu) wrote: : I need a 2SC1947, which according to my cross-ref is equivalent to an : ECG 341 (or NTE 341). This is a 4-watt rf power transistor that has : an oddball lead arrangement and the emitter tied to the case. This : makes it very difficult to substitute a more common transistor. Actually, the MRF 237 is similar and sort of common (pair of them used in Heathkit HW-9s). It might work (if it doesn't oscillate) RF Parts 1-800-737-2787 has them in their catalog. -- Zack Lau KH6CP/1 2 way QRP WAS 8 States on 10 GHz Internet: zlau@arrl.org 10 grids on 2304 MHz ------------------------------ End of Info-Hams Digest V94 #1020 ******************************